The Muslims
of Makah had the utmost desire to perform Hajj and Umrah. The position did not
help their situation, and they have to left Makah and migrate towards Medina
because of the troublesome conditions created by the non- believers and their
clans. It got a place on the morning of the fourth day of Dhu al-Qi'dah 7 AH
(629 CE), after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 6 AH (628 CE).
Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH) already knew the strong desire of Muslims to visit Makah and
perform Umrah. Of course, they were also desperate to see their homeland.
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) finally decided to step out form Madina and Perform Umrah. He (PBUH) had about 1400 people along with him. When Makkans heard about
the march of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) along with that number of Muslims, they
were concerned that the Muslims might have the intention to attack Makkah and
non- believers.
So, when
they reached outside of Makkah, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) sent an emissary to
the Makkans to clear the things out. He (PBUH) did not want to have confusions
in the minds of the non- believers regarding the trip of Muslims. He (PBUH) want
to do that to erase any misconception because Muslims tried to reach Makkah for
a very Holy purpose and want to have a peace agreement for the betterment of
both parties.
The non-
believers after receiving the emissary were thoughtful, and they finally decided
not to permit Muslims to enter inside the city. Muslims were not allowed to
perform minor pilgrimage (Umrah) that year but were asked to come to next year
for the purpose. A treaty an agreement was signed between Muslims and non-
believers in regards to visiting Makkah for minor Hajj. The agreement between
the two parties is referred to as the “Treaty of Hudaybiah” in history.
This treaty
had numerous points regarding a peaceful living for both Muslims and non-
believers. The deal was signed for ten years as a peace maintaining agreement
between the two clans. But they suggested that the Muslims would come next year
for the purpose, non- believers will clear the path so that the Muslims could
perform the ritual peacefully.
It was
dissolved after two years when one of the tribes allied with the Makkans and
attacked a tribe allied with the Muslims and killed some of its members. As the
primary purpose and point of the treaty was to prevent bloodshed, so there was
no reason to pursue the contract after the killings
.
The Muslims
had become a formidable force and so in 630 Prophet Muhammad decided to attack
Makkah along with the suggestions of companions and of course by the will of
Allah Almighty. He (SAW) took an army of 10000 towards Makkah and prepared the
Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rabi al Ansari in December to turn away the
concentration from his objective of belligerent Makkah. He (PBUH) led the troop
of Muslims and dispatched 8 of his men to outbreak.
On arrival of Muslims at Makkah, the leaders of Quraysh got
an idea that they were not able to fight against Muslims so the leaders of the
non- believer clans surrendered. They were terrified about the impending
conquest of theirs. However, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was a merciful person, by
his personality, he claimed forgiveness for all of the ones who had no longer
wished to fight against Muslims. After entering and succeeding Makkah,
He (PBUH) said;
“This day, no accusation shall be on you. Allah Almighty will
pardon you; He SWT is the Most Merciful of the Merciful. You can go away.”
This victory of Muslims is known as “Succession of Makkah”
and even for today is an exemplary case to wind up the conflict without any
bloodshed. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) could have taken revenge by the Arab
tradition and also taking revenge in equal intensity is allowed by the
religion, but he (PBUH) decided to forgive the guilty. This conflict was a
particular incident in the history of Islam because due to it, Islam was
established in the Arabian Peninsula, and it was the beginning of spreading the
light of Islam. It was
after the victory of Makkah that Islam becomes a dominant world religion.
So, Now Muslims are going Makkah and perform Hajj and Umrah.
This time people are not facing hard difficulties among those time people,
Muslims face some minor tensions about, i.e. Umrah package, Visas,
transportation, accommodation. Don't be worry you are in 21 century, search on Google
and you will find every cheap Umrah packages.
